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Student Exploration: Diffusion Answer Key
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- Have you ever smelled microwave popcorn? The oddly enticing scent can fill a whole house. How do you think the smell of popcorn spreads through the air?
Answer: through the process of diffusion, both gases and liquids spread throughout the room by bouncing off the walls, going from a high concentration to a low concentration.
Gizmo Warm-up
- Describe the motion of the gas particles.
Answer: They bounce around everywhere.
- Over time, what is happening?
Answer: The purple dots are spreading everywhere.
- Select the BAR CHART tab, and observe the chart for a few minutes. After the first 30 seconds or so, how much do the numbers of particles in each region change?
Answer: It went from 50 In x In A to 35. 15 went to x In B.
- Click Pause and select the GRAPH tab. What does the graph tell you about the number of particles in region A?
Answer: It was decreasing.
Question: How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
- Observe: Set the temperature (Temp). to 100 K, and press Play. Observe the motion of particles. Click Reset. Then set the temperature to 600 K, click Play, and observe.
How does the temperature of the gas relate to the motion of the particles?
Answer: Temperature does not affect it too much. It kind of foes at the same pace.
- Form hypothesis: How do you think temperature will affect the rate of diffusion?
Answer: I don’t think it will affect the rate of diffusion.
- Experiment: Click Reset. Set the Wall to 50%, x in A to 100, y in B to 0, Temp. to 100 K, and Particle mass to 15 amu (atomic mass units). Select the TABLE tab. Press Play. Click Pause when x in A first reaches 55% or below. Record this Time to reach equilibrium in the left table below. Repeat four more times at 100 K, and then run five trials with the temperature set to 600 K.
Answer:
Temp = 100 K experiment
| Trial | Time to reach equilibrium |
| 1 | 215 sec |
| 2 | 238 sec |
| 3 | 277 sec |
| 4 | 230 sec |
| 5 | 209 sec |
Temp = 600 K experiment
| Trial | Time to reach equilibrium |
| 1 | 100 sec |
| 2 | 155 sec |
| 3 | 87 sec |
| 4 | 108 sec |
| 5 | 140 sec |
- Calculate: Find the average time to reach equilibrium for each experiment:
A. Average time to reach equilibrium at 100 K: about 210 sec
B. Average time to reach equilibrium at 600 K: about 90 sec
5. Draw conclusions: Compare the average times to reach equilibrium for each temperature.
A. How did temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
Answer: the higher the temperature the less amount of seconds it took to reach the equilibrium and vice versa.
B. Why do you think this was the case?
Answer: the higher the temperature the better it was for the things to reach the equilibrium.
- Extend your thinking: Why do you think the experimental results were different for each trial?
Answer: It is not going to be the same each time. It has to be different because they are going in all kinds of directions. They are not going in the same path each time.
- On your own: In our lives, we rarely experience temperatures that are above 373 K (100 °C) or below 273 K (0 °C). Investigate how much diffusion rates differ between these two temperatures. Describe the results of your experiments below.
Answer: Diffusion rates will differ by a lot each time because of how long or how high the k is because that’s just science. The way it works is the way life works.
Question: How do factors other than temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
- Choose a variable: Pick a variable to investigate. Which one did you choose?
Answer: particle mass
- Form hypothesis: How do you think this variable will affect rates of diffusion?
Answer: the particle mass will infect it a lot by making it either harder for them to pass or easier. I think it would make it easier when the mass is high and harder when the mass is low.
- Set up experiment: In a controlled experiment, only one variable is manipulated, or changed. Set up your experiment so that there is just one difference between set-up A and set-up B. List the Gizmo settings you will use for each set-up below.
Answer:
Set-up A
Wall: 50%
x in A: 100
y in B: 100
Temp.: 600
Particle mass: 10
Set-up B
Wall: 50%
x in A: 100
y in B: 100
Temp.: 600
Particle mass: 25
- Gather data: Use the Gizmo to fill in each table. As before, the “time to reach equilibrium” is the time it takes for the number of x particles in region A to reach 55% or lower.
Answer:
Set-up A
| Time | Time to reach equilibrium |
| 1 | 297 sec |
| 2 | 297 sec |
| 3 | 252 sec |
| 4 | 196 sec |
| 5 | 242 sec |
Set-up B
| Time | Time to reach equilibrium |
| 1 | 530 sec |
| 2 | 530 sec |
| 3 | 493 sec |
| 4 | 392 sec |
| 5 | 445 sec |
-
- Calculate: Find the average time to reach equilibrium for each experiment:
Answer:
A. Average time to reach equilibrium for set-up A: about 190 sec
B. Average time to reach equilibrium for set-up B: about 390 sec
6. Draw conclusions: Compare the average times to reach equilibrium for each set-up.
A. How did the variable you investigated affect the rate of diffusion?
Answer: It made the diffusion a lot harder to happen and affected it greatly.
B. Why do you think this was the case?
Answer: I think it is because you can’t have too much mass but you can’t have too little of mass you need just the right amount of mass.
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