Building DNA Gizmo Answers

The Building DNA Gizmo is the kind of thing that allows everyone to construct a DNA molecule and go through the process of DNA replication. There are a few vocabulary words that are usually mentioned in the lesson, such as double helix, DNA, enzyme, mutation, nitrogenous base, nucleoside, nucleotide, and replication.

For those who are going to take a test called Building DNA Gizmo, you may want to check out the Building DNA Gizmo answers below. Remember that the correct answers are in bold. Everything below can be used to learn so that you will be able to slay when you get the chance to take the test.

Before going to the real test, you will be given some prior knowledge questions, as follows:

1. Look at the DNA molecule shown at right. What does it look like?
   
   A double helix strand, and a spiral staircase.
   This shape is called a double helix.
2. Based on this picture, how do you think a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself? (Hint: Look at the bottom two “rungs” of the ladder.)
   The DNA strands separated the enzyme called DNA polymerase which copies each strand using the base-pairing rule.

After the prior knowledge questions, you will be given a Gizmo warm-up. Check out the types of questions that you will be able to find in this section below. Make sure to also check out their correct answers.

1. What are the two DNA components shown in the Gizmo?
   
   Nucleosides and Phosphates
2. A nucleoside has two parts: a pentagonal sugar (deoxyribose) and a nitrogenous base (in color). When a nucleoside is joined to a phosphate, it is called a nucleotide. How many different nitrogenous bases do you see? Four different nitrogenous bases.
   Note: The names of these nitrogenous bases are adenine (red), cytosine (yellow), guanine (blue), and thymine (green)

The next thing that you have to answer is the questions in the Activity A: Build a DNA molecule. Please check everything below:

Question: What is the structure of DNA?

1. Build : Follow the steps given in the Gizmo to construct a molecule of DNA. (Note: For simplicity, this DNA molecule is shown in two dimensions, without the twist.)
   Stop when the hint reads: “The DNA molecule is complete.” In the spaces at right, list the sequence of nitrogenous bases on the left-hand side of the DNA molecule and the right-hand side.
   Left side              Right side
   G                              C
   A                              T
   C                              G
   T                              A
   G                              C
   A                              T
   C                              G
   T                              A
2. Take a picture: Click the camera at upper right to take a snapshot of your DNA molecule. Open a blank word-processing document, and select paste. Label this image “Original DNA molecule.”
   
3. Explain: Describe the structure of the DNA molecule you made.
   A. What makes up the sides of the DNA molecule? Phosphates
   B. What makes up the “rungs” of the DNA molecule? Nucleosides
4. Fill in: Write the name of the nitrogenous base that joins to each of the bases below:
   Adenine (A) joins to Thymine   (T) Thymine (T) joins to Adenine (A
   Cytosine (C) joins to Guanine   (G) Guanine (G) joins to Cytosine (C)
5. Practice: The left side of a DNA molecule is shown. Draw a complementary right side of the molecule.
   
6. Challenge: This DNA strand consists of eight pairs of nitrogenous bases. How many different sequences of eight bases can you make? Explain how you found your answer.
   I could make eight different sequences for the eight bases because you must write down their own base pair which are A, G,T,A,C,T,C,G.

In addition, you will also be given a number of questions in Activity B: DNA replication. All the questions and answers are as follows:

Question: How does DNA make a copy of itself?

1. Observe: An enzyme is a protein that facilitates certain cell processes. Click Release enzyme to release DNA helicase. What does this enzyme do to the DNA molecule?
   It splits up the bases from their pairs
2. Observe : Click Release enzyme to release DNA polymerase.
   A. Notice that two groups of Nucleotides appear on the right. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Ribose sugar, a phosphate molecule, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil.
   B. Drag one of the nucleotides to a corresponding nitrogenous base on one of the two strands. What is the role of DNA polymerase in this process? The main function of DNA polymerase is to make DNA from nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.
3. Build : Complete the two molecules of DNA by dragging nucleotides to their corresponding locations. When you have finished, compare the two completed daughter DNA molecules. What do you notice about the two molecules? They both show the DNA molecule strand.
4. Take a picture : Click the camera to take a snapshot of the DNA molecules, and paste the image into your document. Label this image “Daughter DNA molecules.”
   
   How do these molecules compare to the original?
   It shows the DNA molecule showing a complete DNA molecules for the daughter cell
5. Think and discuss: Why is DNA replication such an important process? Because so many molecules are involved in the process.
6. Extend your thinking: Sometimes errors called mutations occur during DNA replication. What are some of the possible consequences of mutations?
   A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of DNA. In order for an observable effect, mutations must occur in gene exons or regulatory elements.

Please learn the Building DNA Gizmo answers above well, unless you want to fail the test. Make sure to learn everything before the test. During the test, you are not recommended to open Building DNA Gizmo answers above to cheat. Cheating is not good both for you and for others. Keep in mind that the best result is the one that you earn by yourself, even though it is considered bad. Be proud of yourself.